19seeroxanneleubenanduhaadqasizaan,eds,prcetonreadgsislaistthought:textsandntextsfroal-bannatobladen(prceton,nj:prcetonuniversitypress,2009),49–53
20hassanal-banna,&ldo;towardthelight,&rdo;ibid,58–59
21ibid,61–62
22ibid,68–70
23sayyidtb,ilestones,2ndrevenglished(daasc,syria:daral-il,nd),49–51
24ibid,59–60,72,84,137
25foradiscsionoftheevotionfrotbtobladen,seelawrencewright,theloogtower:al-qaedaandtheroadto911(newyork:randohoe,2006)
26奥巴马总统在与加拿大总理哈珀举行的联合记者招待会上的讲话,2011年2月4日;2011年2月6日接受福克斯电视网的采访时,奥巴马总统针对埃及的谈话;&ldo;总统对埃及的表态&rdo;,2011年2月11日。
27总统对叙利亚局势的谈话,2011年8月18日。
28ariakarouny,&ldo;apocalypticpropheciesdrivebothsidestosyrianbattleforendofti,&rdo;reuters,april1,2014
29应利雅得的要求,以阻止萨达姆&iddot;侯赛因夺取沙特阿拉伯油田的任何企图。
30see&ldo;ssafroaab-uhaadbladtohislibrothersthewholeworldandespeciallythearabianpensula:declarationofjihadagastthearicansoupygthelandoftheoholyoses;expelthehereticsfrothearabianpensula,&rdo;fbisreport,&ldo;pilationofaabladstatents,1994–january2004,&rdo;13;piscatori,&ldo;order,jtice,andglobalisla,&rdo;279–80
31foranexpositionofthisphenonon,seedaviddanelo,&ldo;anarchyisthenewnoral:unnventionalgovernanceand21stcenturystatecraft&rdo;(foreignpolicyresearchstitute,october2013)
第四章美国与伊朗:不同的秩序理念
1alikhanei,&ldo;leader&rso;sspeechataugurationofislaicawakengandulaanference&rdo;(april29,2013),islaicawakeng1,no7(sprg2013)
2ibid
3&ldo;islaicvitationturkey,&ldo;theleaderofislaicuahandoppressedpeopleiasayyedalikhanei:islaicawakengspirestlevents,&rdo;noveber27,2011
4关于这一传统,最著名的例子之一是公元前6世纪波斯阿契美尼德帝国的开国君主居鲁士解放被巴比伦奴役的人民,包括犹太人。自称&ldo;四极之王&rdo;的居鲁士推翻巴比伦帝国进入巴比伦后发出敕令:巴比伦所有的奴隶都可自由返乡,一切宗教都将得到包容。居鲁士是第一个推行宗教多元主义的统治者。据信2000年后,托马斯&iddot;杰斐逊读了色诺芬的《居鲁士的教育》中的这个故事后深受激励,对居鲁士高度赞扬。see&ldo;thecyrcylder:diploaticwhirl,&rdo;enoist,arch23,2013
5herodot,thehistory,transdavidgrene(chicago:universityofchicagopress,1987),1131–135,pp95–97
6kenhpollack,thepersianpuzzle:thenflictbeeeniranandarica(newyork:randohoe,2004),18–19seealjohngarver,chaandiran:ancientpartnersapost-iperialworld(seattle:universityofwashgtonpress,2006)
7&ldo;seeroyottahedeh,theantleoftheprophet:religionandpoliticsiran(oxford:oneworld,2002),144;rezaaslan,&ldo;theepicofiran,&rdo;newyorktis,april30,2006阿布卡萨姆&iddot;费尔多西在伊斯兰教征服波斯两个世纪后写成的史诗《国王之书》叙述了波斯被伊斯兰教征服之前光辉灿烂的传说。身为伊斯兰教什叶派教徒的费尔多西通过史诗中的人物之口哀叹:&ldo;诅咒这个世界,诅咒这个时代,诅咒这个命运野蛮的阿拉伯人把我变成了穆斯林。&rdo;此言捕捉到了波斯人复杂的心情。
8seesandraackey,theiranians:persia,isla,andtheulofanation(newyork:p,1998),109n1
9ruhollahkhoi,&ldo;islaicgovernnt,&rdo;islaandrevotion:writgsanddeclarationsofiakhoi(1941–1980),transhaidalgar(northhaledon,nj:izanpress,1981),48–49
10asoteddavidarstrong,revotionandworldorder:therevotionarystateternationalciety(newyork:oxforduniversitypress,1993),192
11khoi,&ldo;islaicgovernnt,&rdo;&ldo;thefirstdayofgod&rso;sgovernnt,&rdo;and&ldo;thereligioscholarsledtherevolt,&rdo;islaandrevotion,147,265,330–31
12rwapplejr,&ldo;willkhoiturniran&rso;sclockback1,300years?,&rdo;newyorktis,february4,1979
13see插rleshill,trialofathoandyears:worldorderandislais(stanford,calif:hooverstitutionpress,2011),89–91
14这些活动基本上是秘密的,因此有关报告必然只能披露其中的一部分。有人说德黑兰在一定程度上和塔利班以及基地组织合作,或至少默许它们的活动。see,forexaple,thoaskean,leehailton,etal,the911issionreport(newyork:wwnorton,2004),61,128,240–41,468,529;sethgjones,&ldo;alqaedairan,&rdo;foreignaffairs,january29,2012,sethg-jonesal-qaeda--iran
15akbarganji,&ldo;whoisalikhanei:theworldviewofiran&rso;ssupreleader,&rdo;foreignaffairs,septeberoctober2013seealthoasjoscelyn,&ldo;iran,thelibrotherhood,andrevotion,&rdo;longwarjournal,january28,2011