怪力小说网

第101章（第1页）

whatisoreiportantisthelengthofthepresidentialterofofficeandodeofelectionthe&ldo;procedureofpresidentialelection&rdo;passedbythenstitutionalnventionlastdeceberntastheseunieprovisions：

1thepresidentshallholdofficeforateroftenyears，andiseligibleforreelection

2fiftyberftheuncilofstate，andfiftyberftheli-fa-yuen，tobeelectedaongtheselves，shallnstitutetheelectorallle

3precedverypresidentalelection，thepresentpresident，representgthewillofthepeople，shallnoatethreentobecandidatestosueedhiself

4onthedayofelectionthepresidentshallannouncetotheelectoralllethenafthethreenoees

5besidesthesethreecandidatestheelectorallleayalvoteforthepresentpresident

6ifdurgtheyearofpresidentialelectiontheberftheuncilofstatedeeitapoliticalnecessitytohavethepresentpresidentreaoffice，theyayakeproposalstothateffectbyao-thirdsvoteofthatbodytheproposalthadeshallbeprocdtothewholenationbythepresident

th，underthisunielaw，thechesepresidentayreaofficeforlife，healoneisentitledtonoatehiwnsuesrsandthatdoesnotpreventtheelectorsfroreelectghi，nori射legallyprecedfronoatghiwnnrandnwhatorecanthenoal插nfro&ldo;president&rdo;to&ldo;eperor&rdo;brgtohi?

第65章民国四年（1915）八月九日至十一月三日（2）

notonlywillthis插nbrgnorealcreaseofpowerordignitytotheoupantofthepresidential插ir，butanysuchorewillevitablyresulthisultiateruthoseofwhohavehadexperiencewiththeworkgoftheaveradrealizethatthereisagreatdealanahoweverdictatorialpresidentyuanhasbee，hehashadonsenseenoughtoavoidall&ldo;words&rdo;thataybeobjectionabletothevastyounrnerationwhohavelongdreadrepublicandreaswithoutknoxactlywhatrepublicanisans，hehasevenpubliclydeclaredhisretionnevertoaspiretotheiperialthrone，andhasbani射dseveralnwhohaveatteptedtoadvocateonarchisifryuanisreallysu插shrewdpoliticianashiswesterncriticsportrayhitobe，heoughttobeabletoseethathisassuptionoftheiperialtitlewillidiatelyexposehitotheutterdistrtofthewholeworldandeventotheostprobabledanrofassassation

theestionofatitular插n，however，ifverylittleiportancethedfthetruerepublicanfchathechesedeocracy，theyrealize，nowexistnlyna，foralostoyearstheuntryhashadnoparliant，noprovciallegislatures，nodistrictuncilstherearenopoliticalparties，nofreedoofpress，nofreedoofspeechanyayouthhasbeenexiledorexecutedorassassatedfornoothercrithanthatofholdgaradicalpoliticalphilophytobesure，thereisanstitution，butanstitutionthatexaltsthechiefexecutivebeyondthereachofthelaw，theparliant，andthepeople;anstitutionwhichakesthepresidencydefitelylong，practicallyself-elective，andalosthereditary!undersuchcircustance，whatdifferencewillitakewhetherthe&ldo;supre&rdo;rulerbecalled&ldo;president&rdo;or&ldo;eperor&rdo;?

whetherornotryuanwillbeeeperordoesnotaffecttheurseofyoungcha（bywhichidonotananyparticularpoliticalfaction），whichisstrugglghardfortheestablishntofanuedeocracychayoungchabelievesdeocracy;itbelievesthattheonlywaytohavedeocracyistohavedeocracygovernntisanart，andassuchitneedspracticeiwouldneverhavebeenabletospeakenglishhadeverspokenittheanglo-saxonpeoplewouldneverhavehaddeocracyhadtheyneverpracticeddeocracythisisakdofpoliticalphilophywhichisprehensibletonlikeprofesrcroodnowprofesrgoodnowandanyotherwell-angnstitutionalauthoritiesthkthattheorientalpeoplearenotfitforthedeocraticforofgovernntbecaetheyhavenewerhaditbeforeonthentrary，youngchabelievesthatitispreciselybecaechahasnothaddeocracythat射tnowhavedeocracyitbelievesthatifthefirstcheserepubli插dhadalonrlifedeocracywouldhavebythistiestabli射dafairlystrongholdcha，andthepoliticalexperienceoffouryears&rso;deocraticgovernnt，howeveriperfectthatexperienceighthavebeen，wouldhavebythistienabledavastnuberofthechesepeopletounderstandwhatrepublicanisreallyans

but，alas!thenservativesandthereactionarieshavefoundheartysupportersourforeigncriticswhohaveneitherfaithnorpatiencetheyhavefoundtheirspokesnsuchgreatnstitutionalauthoritiesasprofesrsariga，ofjapan，andgoodnow，ofthearicanrepublicitisnceivablethatprofesrarigashouldopposeyoungchabuhenagreatscholarfrothearicanrepubliaouiththedeclarationthattheorientalpeoplewerebyhistoryandtraditiondisalifiedtohaverepresentativeforofgovernnt，theblowwasdecisiveandfatalthesegreatscholarshavewroughttheir&ldo;authoritative&rdo;opionstothenewnstitutionofthecheserepublic，andarenowontheeveofbegderatedbythecheseeperorwhotheyhavehelpedtoake

theprocedureofpresidentialelectionisapartofthenstitution

〔中译〕中国与民主

据北京传闻，袁世凯总统经慎重考虑，将复帝制;约翰霍布铿大学校长兼中国政府制宪顾问弗兰克&iddot;约翰逊&iddot;古德诺教授已经赞同此项计划。对于此则传闻之确实与否，实在没有必要调査。之所以无此必要，原因在于，不论此传闻是真是假，均无关乎这一根本问题--即，中国民主之现状和未来。

倘若此报道确实，让我们先来看看其影响如何。采用皇帝之头衔将强化袁先生之独裁统治乎?或者，袁先生拒绝称帝将给中国带来更多的民主乎?余之回答是：否。因为按照现行宪法，可以保险地说，除恺撒和沙皇之外，中华共和国总统所拥有之权力，要比世界上其它任何一个统治者大得多。余并非虚言，而是确有把握。据说，古德诺教授对现行宪法之制定不无影响。依照此宪法，总统代表国家，有权召集和解散立法院，有权在立法院提议立法和提呈预算，有权签署法律，有权颁布相当于国家法律之法令，有权宣战缔和，有权任免文武官员，有权赦免或减刑，总统还兼任陆军和海军之总司令，总统还有权接见各国大使和大臣，有权与外国签订条约。在这张长长的政府权力单上，一个君主头衔还能在其上再添加些什么呢?

然而，更为重要的乃在于总统之任期与选举之方式。去年十二月，立宪大会通过《总统选举程序法》。该法包含如下独特之条款：

1总统每届任期十年，可以连选连任。

2由国务院、立法院各选五十名代表，共同组成选举院。

3在每一届总统选举之前，现任总统因其代表人民之意志，可提名三位总统候选人，以承其位。

4总统将于选举之日向选举院宣布他所提名之三位总统候选人。

5除此三名候选人之外，选举院还可提名现任总统为候选人。

6在总统选举年，倘若国务院有成员认为，因当前政治形势所需，有必要请现任总统留任，他们便可向选举院提出此建议。该建议只需获得选举院三分之二的票数即可通过。最终结果可由总统向全国宣告。

因此，按照这部独一无二之法律，中国总统可以终生连任，唯独只有他才有资格提名总统之继任人。然而，这并不妨碍选举委员再次选举他连任，也并不排除此种可能性：他可以合法地提名他儿子或孙子为总统候选人。那么，在名义上，将&ldo;总统&rdo;改为&ldo;皇帝&rdo;，这能给他多带来些什么呢?

不仅上述名号之变更，不会给总统所拥有之权力或尊严带来任何实质性之增长，而且，任何多此一举之做法，将不可避免地造成他最终之垮台。吾等皆具正常之智质水平，亦有些许生活经验，皆明白：一个名称包含有丰富之内涵。不管袁总统之独裁达到何等程度，他还有一般的常识，知道应当避免使用某些&ldo;字词&rdo;，因为那会遭致青年一代之反对。尽管这些青年完全不知道共和主义到底是什么，但他们梦想共和却是由来已久。袁总统曾公开声称，他决无称帝之野心，甚至还将几个企图鼓吹帝制之人削职。倘使袁先生真如西方评论家所形容的那样，他是一位精明之政治家，那么，他就该明白，只要他采取帝制，立刻就会在全世界人面前信誉扫地，言行不一，甚至极有可能遭致暗杀之危险。